By Asma Bint Shameem
Allaah says:
“O you who believe! When you intend to offer As-Salaat (the prayer), wash your faces and your hands (forearms) up to the elbows, rub (by passing wet hands over) your heads, and (wash) your feet up to ankles”
[Surah al-Maa’idah 5:6].
Based on the above Aayah, there are SIX essential parts (“pillars”) or Fardh of wudhu.
If any of these steps is missing, the wudhu is NOT VALID.
1-Washing the face, of which the mouth and nose are part.
2- Washing the arms up to the elbows.
3- Wiping the head.
4- Washing the feet up to the ankles.
5- *Washing these parts of the body in the proper order.*
6- Doing these actions consecutively (that is, washing one after the other, with no lengthy lapse of time in between).
(ar-Rawd al-Murbi‘ ma‘a Haashiyat Ibn Qaasim (1/181-188).
Therefore as you can see from the above Aayah, washing the body parts in proper order is essential.
And the order must be followed, so we wash the face first, then the arms, then wipe the head, then wash the feet, because the Prophet ﷺ did wudhu in this order.
Humran the freed slave of ‘Uthman radhi Allaahu anhu said that ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan radhi Allaahu anhu called for water to do wudhu.
He washed his hands three times, then he rinsed his mouth and nose, then he washed his face three times, then he washed his right arm up to the elbow three times, then he washed his left arm likewise. Then he wiped his head, then he washed his right foot up to the ankle three times, then he washed his left foot likewise.
Then he said, “I saw the Messenger of Allaah t Sal Allaahu Alaiyhi wa Sallam doing wudhu as I have done it, then the Messenger of Allaah Sal Allaahu Alaiyhi wa Sallam said:
“Whoever does wudhu as I have done it, then prays two rak’ahs in which he focuses completely on his prayer, his previous sins will be forgiven.’” (Muslim, al-Taharah, 331)
2- If you are taking a bath/shower to purify yourself from MAJOR impurity, (like after menses or Janaabah) and you wash your entire body and rinse your mouth and nose then you don’t “HAVE” to make wudhu separately although it’s Sunnah to make wudhu first.
But if you’re just showering to cool off or clean yourself WITHOUT the intention of purification from major impurity then you *should* make a separate wudhu.
And it’s good to do the wudhu in the beginning.
Shaikh Ibn Uthaymeen said:
“If a person takes a bath because of janaabah, then it takes the place of wudhu’, because Allaah says:
“If you are in a state of Janaaba (i.e. after a sexual discharge), purify yourselves (bathe your whole body)”
[al-Maa’idah 5:6]
If a person is junub and he immerses himself in a bathtub or river or the like, intending thereby to cleanse himself of janaabah, and he rinses his mouth and nose, then he purifies himself from both minor and major impurity, because Allaah, may He be exalted, only enjoined us to purify ourselves from janaabah, i.e., we should ensure that water reaches all parts of the body when doing ghusl.
But it is better for the person who is doing ghusl to do wudhu’ first, because the Prophet Sal Allaahu Alaiyhi wa Sallam used to wash his private parts after washing his hands, then he would do wudhu’ as for prayer, then he would pour water over his head, and when he thought that it had reached the skin, he poured water over his head three times, then he would wash the rest of his body.
But if a person takes a bath to clean himself or to cool himself down, then this does not take the place of wudhu’, because that is not an act of worship, rather it is just an ordinary action, although Islam prescribes cleanliness.
Whatever the case, if the bath is taken to “cool down” or “get clean”, then it does not take the place of wudhu’.”
(Majmoo’ Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, 11/question no. 182)
And Allaah knows best
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